Accessibility (A11y) is often treated as a checklist item at the end of a project. However, true inclusivity starts at the design phase.
Semantic HTML
The most powerful accessibility tool is simple HTML. Using <button> for actions and <a> for navigation solves 90% of keyboard navigation issues. <div role="button"> is an anti-pattern unless you really know what you are doing.
Focus Management
For Single Page Applications, managing focus is critical. When a user opens a modal, focus should be trapped inside it. When they close it, focus should return to the button that opened it. Without this, screen reader users get lost.
Color Contrast
Vibrant designs are great (like this portfolio!), but contrast ratios matter. Tools like the Stark plugin for Figma or Chrome's Lighthouse audit can instantly spot text that is too hard to read.